Duplicating material



July 5, 1932. J. Q. SHERMAN ET AL' DUPLIATING MATERIAL Filed Nov.

Patented July 5, 1932 UNITED, STATES PATENT orrlce JOHN G. SHERRI AN AND ALBERT W. METZNEB, 0F DAYQ-ON, OHIO; SAID METZNER AS SIGNOR TO SAID SHERMAN nurnrcnrrim inn-menu,

Application filed November transfer or carbon material and embeddingthem in predetermined arrangement in an 1 underlying duplicate record sheet.

The use of ordinary carbon or transfer paper for producing duplicate records is objectionable for many conditions of use due to the fact that the communicable or coloring material will rub off, smear or smudge. The use of one time carbon is quite common, wherein the reverse side of a record sheet is coated with colored carbon or transfer material by which a record written or typed upon the face of such sheet is simultaneously reproduced upon an underlying duplicate record sheet. However, such carbon backed sheets, like ordinary carbon, are ob ectionable due to the fact that the color rubs ofl'f upon the fingers of the clerks or accountants who may handle such records, and when stacked one upon the other such carbon deposit has a tendency to smudge and discolor the face of the underlying sheet. Such carbon back paper also presents an unsightly and objectionable appearance.

By the present method the carbon or transfer material may be disguised and concealed by a surface coating of distinctively different color simulating the face of the record sheet, and in any event it will begiven a hard non-communicable surface finish. The meth- 0d of transfer is by perforation, either by 1ty the use of pin type, wherein the surface of the type is provided with a series of small needle point projections, or in the case. of script such transfer is effected by a vibrating stylus. In either event the writing element whether ofintype or vibratory stylus perforates the superposed record sheets forming therein a succession of closely spaced minute perforations in arrangement producing a succession of letters, figures or characters. Such perforation of the record sheets produces an indelible and permanent record. However,

1, 1927. Serial No. 230,321.

to render such record more distinctive and more easily read the sealing or protective surface'of the carbon surface is punctured and minute particles of transfer color material are carried bodily by the needle points of the pin type or by the vibrating stylus from one sheet and embedded in the perforations of the other. By this means the record formed by the perforations is given a dis- ,tinctive and contrasting appearance. The manifolding material may be ordinary sheets of carbon or transfer material interleaved between the record sheets and having a surface coating of a hard protective material which will prevent the rubbing,smearing or smudging of the carbon. In lieu thereof the carbon or transfer material may be deosited on the back of the record sheets. uch protective coat may be in the nature of a shellac, a varnish, ora lac uer applied either by floating the paper or y spraying the protective material thereon. Regardless of the specific character of the colored material employed, the process of manifolding involves the simultaneous perforation of two or more overlapping sheets of material and the projection of small particles of the color material from one sheet into the other.

The object of the invention is to improve the material as well as the means and mode of manifolding whereby permanent and indelible records are produced.

Afurther object of the invention is to provide aperforated record, that is to say, one made by a succession of minute perforations systematically arranged, which may be given a distinctive appearance or increased visibil- A further object of the invention is to provide means for distinctively coloring the perforations of a perforated record sheet.

A further and important feature of the invention is to provide a'manifolding material which will be more or less permanent and without the characteristic of smudging,

smearing or rubbing off, and therefore not tending to soil the fingers of thosewho must handle such materials, nor soiling the face of underlying record sheets when such sheets are superposed upon each other.

A further object of the invention is to provide a transfer or manifolding material having a comparatively hard sealing surface coating,

A further object of the invention is to provide a manifolding or transfer material having a distinctive and pleasing color and which will not possess the appearance of the usual commercial transfer or carbon sheets.

A further object of the invention is to provide a manifolding or transfer material that is incapable of reproducing records by impact, by pressure or friction, and is responsiveonly to a perforating operation as by pin type or a sharpened stylus.

- A further object of the invention is to provide a manifolding material wherein a normally free, communicable color material is sealed or afiixed by a non-communicable surface material which must be broken or punctured to release and permit transfer of the enclosed color material.

, With the above primary and other inci-.

superposed sheets and stylus showing the projection of a severed portion of the colored surface of the upper sheet into the perforation of the lower sheet. Fig. 3-illustrates a record produced by the use of pin type perforations in lieu of a stylus. Fig. 4 is a detail view illustrating pin Itype operation. Fig.

5 is an exaggerated sectional view of a set of superposed record sheets punctured by a pin type. Fig. 6 is an enlarged view showin colored and uncolored perforations. w

Like parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the several views. I The present method ofmanifolding is particularly applicable to the production of permanent records wherein it is desired to avoid any attempt at erasures or subsequent changes of the'recorded data. Obviously,

however, the herein described method is not limited to such use, but may be given a general application for duplicating records of various types. The duplicating or manifolding material herein described is intended primarily for one time use, although it is capable of producing records repeatedly. The present trend in the manufacture of one time carbon or transfer material is-to place a'coating of such duplicating or transfer graphic registers, and the like.

material upon the back .or reverse side of the succeeding .record sheets. In this way each record sheet has within itself the means for transferring the written or typed record onto an underlying sheet without the necessity of an interleaved carbon. The present invention is applicable to either direct deposits of carbon on-the backs of the record sheets or to separatei'nterleaved carbon sheets.

In the drawing, 1 is the original or top most record sheet of a series, upon which the original writing, typing or inscription is impressed. The reverse side of this original record sheet 1 is coated or colored as at 2 to provide communicable pigment particles to be detached from the overlying record sheet and embedded in perforations in the underlying or duplicate record sheet 3. Obviously the number of sheets may be increased to any reasonable desired number, each succeeding duplicate record sheet also having its reverse face colored or coated to afford the necessary pigment particles. The coating of color material 2 upon the reverse sides of such sheets may be ordinary carbon or transfer material such as ordinarily used in manifolding sales books, typewriters, auto- Such material, however, is objectionable due to its tendency to smear and to smudge or rub off upon the fingers of persons handling the record and upon underlying record sheets. Inasmuch as the present record is not dependent upon production by contact of the colored material or by transfer in the ordinary manner, but involves the bodily transfer. of colored particles from one sheet to another, the surface of such colored coating 2 is protected by a sealing film 4. This sealing film or surface material may be of various substances but is preferably a comparatively hard surface which will not rub off nor smear.

In practice a thin solution of shellac or varnish or of lacquer, or the like, has been employed for this purpose. Likewise a hard Wax surface is suitable to protect the underlying coat of colored material against being rubbed ofi or smeared by contact or friction.

In the event that carbon or transfer material of the usual character is employed and the surface sealed and fixed against smudging or smearing by the application of a sealing, such sealing material may be opaque in character or may be impregnated with an opaque coloring matter which will serve to disgulse and concealthe objectionable dark colored carbon or transfer material. One of the methods of so disguising or concealing the underlying strata of carbon or transfer material is to effect a deposit of talc, whiting, or the like, upon the carbon or transfer deposit prior to the application of the surface sealing coating 2. Such material may be mixed with stearic acid or paraffine or may 1.,eomoa be intermixed directly with the sealing or surfacing material.

In carrying out the manifolding process the coated record sheets aresuperposed one upon the other and the record is imprinted by perforating the sheets with closely positioned small perforations arranged in the form of letters, figures or characters. If the record is to be in script or handwriting it is effected by a vibratory stylus 5, the needle 6 of which is reciprocated at arather high speed of operation by electrically driven operating means. In order to afford a distinctive and contrasting writing upon the original copy or topmost sheet, ink feeding means may be provided upon the stylus thus enabling a small dBPOSIt of ink or marking material to be made in each of the succession of small punctures. The articular mechanism of the vibratory manifo feed means is the subject matter ofa separateand distinct invention and will not' be here described. i

In lieu of perforating the superposed record sheets by the vibrating stylus the imprint may be effected by means of pin type wherein the letters are formed by a series of systematically arranged needle points. Such type are already provided for typewriter purposes, and are commonly used in time clocks, tabulating machines and various forms of recording devices.

As the writingsim lement whether it be the needle 6 of the sty us, or the needle point face of the pin'type, unctures the superposed record sheets it pre ses through the colored coating of transfer material breaking the sur-' face seal thereof and in entering the next successive record sheet carries with it the minute particles of the colored stratum of' the preaading sheet. These colored particles are thus embedded in the perforations of the underlying sheets, thereby giving the perfo-' rations a contrasting appearance. By. thus coloring the punctures with small particles of -color matter carried from the preceding'record sheet, the letters figures or characters thus impressed are given a contrasting appearance enabling them to be easily read while the puncturing of the sheet in the outline of such letters,figu,res or characters renders such record permanent and prevents. manipulation or falsification of records. 7

'From the above descriptionit will be apparent that there is thus provided a construction of the character described, possessing the particular featuresofadvantage before enumerated asdesirable, but which obviously is susceptible of modification in its form, ro-

ortions, and arrangement of parts, out

cing any of its a vantages. While in order to com 1y with the statute the invention is describe in language more or less specific as to structural is the means and construction ding stylus 5 with its over overlying an e arting from the, rinciple involved or sacto be, understood that the invention is not,

shown, but that herein disclosed comprise the preferred form of several modes of putting invention is therefore claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the legitimate and valid scope of the appended claims.

Having thu described our invention we claim:

1. A record sheet, a coating of transfer pigment on the back thereof and a sealing coat of hard adherent material overlying the pigment coating.

2. A record sheet, a coating of transfer material capable of transference by contact on the back thereof, and a pressure resistant limited to the specific details sealing coat thereover impermeable to the transfer material and adapted to be punctured to release particles of such transfer material.

3. A" record sheet, a coating of transfer pigment on the reverse side thereof and an the invention into effect, and the opa ue coating of hard resistant material ing the coating of pigment. 4. n a manifolding mater al, a supnortm stratum, a stratum of transfer material, an

an opaque coating of fixed inert sealing material impervious to the transfer material and a color different from that of the material overlying the stratum of havin trans er transfer material said coating ofsealing material .being adapted to be broken to release transfer material for transposition to [a second sheet.

5. In a manifolding material a supporting stratum, a stratum of transfer material, and a sealin confining the stratum of transfer material.

coat of impermeable material 6. A manifolding mater al having a coat ing of communicable color material and an overlying coatin 'of non-communicable inert colormg materia confining the communicable color material substantially as specified.

7. As an article ofm'anufacture, a stratified sheet of vmanifolding material including a stratum of communicable color material and an overlying stratum of impermeable co or and preventing transfer by frictional contact of the communicable c01 material enclosing In testimony whereof,.we have hereunto set our hands this 26th day of October, A. D.

JOHN o. SHERMAN. "ALBERT w. METZNER. 

